About Us


Christian Life School of Theology Global (CLSTG) has met the requirements for exemption from applicable Georgia law as a religious institution under the provision of the Post-Secondary Educational Authorization Act, Georgia Code 20-3-100 et seq. Thus, CLST Global awards a variety of ministry certificates, diplomas and degrees ranging from an Associate of Theology through a Doctor of Theology.

CLSTG affords you the student a peace of mind and confidence in our academic integrity and reputation for providing the best possible education with the most affordable price!


Faculty Listing

Note: The academic credentials presented below include those awarded by non-accredited institutions. All credentials are listed for information purposes only and do not imply qualifications to teach accredited undergraduate and/or graduate courses.

Allen, Mark (B.Th., M.Th., D.D.) 
Education: Southwestern Pentecostal Holiness College, Oklahoma City, OK; Assemblies of God Theological Seminary, Springfield, MO Experience: Senior Pastor of Liberty Church; Teacher; Conference Speaker; Youth Camp Speaker; Author; Founder-Pastor of Liberty Church; Founder of Liberty School of Ministry 
Courses: PT136 Leaders under Construction; NT670 The Book of Jude

Amsden, Patti (B.Th., M.Th., M.Div., D.Min.) 
Education: Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA; Beacon University, Columbus, GA. Experience: Co-Founding Pastor and Pastor Emeritus of Son-Life Church; Founder and President of Patti Amsden Ministries; Board Member of the Federation of Ministers and Churches International; Director of the Kingdom Congress of Illinois; Founder and Instructor of the School of Biblical Law (published weekly on YouTube); President of the School Board of Collinsville Christian Academy; Author; Bible teacher. 
Courses: BT821 Law and Grace; BT210 A Study of the Boundary Laws of the Bible; HT720 The Apostles’ Creed

Asplund, Larry (B.A., M.A., D.Min., Ed.D. ABD) 
Education: Evangel University, Springfield, MO; Assemblies of God Theological Seminary, Springfield, MO; George Fox Evangelical Seminary, Portland, OR; Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA. Experience: College Teacher; Pastor; K-12 School Principal; Vice President and Academic Dean of Beacon University 
Courses: PT512 Preparing for Revival; NT503 Transformers: Keys from the Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia; PT727 Building Churches That Last

Baird, Kevin (B.A., M.Div., D.Min) 
Education: Mid-America Nazarene University; Nazarene Theological Seminary; Pacific School of Religion; Evangel Theological Seminary Experience: Church planter, Pastor, Conference speaker, author, college professor. 
Course: BT800 Engaging the Culture with a Biblical Worldview

Ball, Nolan (A.A., B.A.) 
Education: Southeastern College; Florida Southern College Experience: Senior Pastor-Apostle of The Rock of Panama City; Teacher; trained and established ten sons in ten cities in the United States, as Well as Others in Jamaica, Kenya and East Africa; Author and Publisher 
Course: PT516 God’s Plan for Financing the Ministry

Battle, Vanessa (B.A., M.A., D.CL.) 
Education: International Bible College and Seminary, Osborn, MO; Wagner Leadership Institute, Colorado Springs, CO; Kingdom Covenant Leadership Institute, Lawrenceville, GA. Experience: Pastoral leader, college instructor, author, seminar and conference speaker, marketplace consultant.
Course: PT588 Keturah Revealed

Beasley, Gary (A.A., B.S., B.Th., M.Th.) 
Education: Barstow Community College, Barstow, CA; California State Polytechnic University, Pamona, CA; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA Experience: Minister of Evangelism at Faith Bible Church; Co-founder of Christian Equippers International; Author; Seminar Leader; Evangelism Trainer of over 100,000 People 
Courses: CC310 A Study of Christian Marriage and Child-Training; PT 610 A Study of Church Growth; PT301 Equipping for Evangelism; HT730 Great Christian Writers of the Twentieth Century; PT510 First Corinthians 13: The Love Chapter

Bell, Rick (B.A., M.A.) 
Education: Ohio University, Athens, OH; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, South Hamilton, MA Experience: Overseas Missions, Pastor, Teacher, Writer 
Courses: PT750 On Mission for the Kingdom

Bolin, Jim (B.A., D.Min.) 
Education: Lee University, Cleveland, TN; Jacksonville Theological Seminary, Jacksonville, FL. Experience: Church planter, author, senior pastor. 
Course: HT415 The Israel Tour II

Bond, Ian (B.A., M.A., M.Th., M.Div., D.Min., D.Th.) 
Education: University of Lancaster, England; Beacon University, Columbus, GA; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA Experience: Author, Teacher, Conference Speaker, Pastor, Entrepreneur; Past President of Beacon University; Founder/President of Teach the Nations, Inc.; Executive Director, Technical College System of Georgia International Center 
Courses: BT451 Developing Sound Hermeneutics; OT399 The Book of Isaiah; OT350 The Minor Prophets; BT340 The Prophetic Church; NT540 The Book of Revelation; OT410 The Tabernacle of Moses; NT525 The Letters of John; NT225 The Book of Hebrews; NT510 Peter: The Man and His Ministry; NT511 New Testament Theology; OT525 Old Testament Theology; PT116, 120, 124 Christian Life and Witness I, II, and III; BT650, 750, 751 Contemporary Theology I, II, and III; BT625 Eschatology I: A Biblical Theology of the End Times; BT850 Questions of Faith I: Fact and Faith; BT855 Questions of Faith II: Reason and Religion

Brandt, Jerry H. (B.A., M.A., D.D.) 
Education: Bob Jones University, Greenville, SC; Baptist Bible College, Springfield, MO Experience: Pastor of Evangelism; Senior Pastor; Evangelism Television Ministry; Teacher; Author; International Gospel Missions
Course: PT644 Effective Evangelism Strategies for the 21st Century

Burkett, James A. (B.A., M.Div., D. Min.) 
Education: Oklahoma Baptist University, Shawnee, OK; Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, Fort Worth, TX; Luther Rice Seminary, Lithonia, GA Experience: Teacher in Taiwan, Malaysia, United Kingdom, United States; Senior Pastor at First Baptist Church, Gotebo, OK; Siloam Springs, AR; Hillcrest Baptist Church, Stillwater, OK; Christ Life Community Church, Athens, GA 
Course: BT425 Apologetics

Byler, Philip R. (B.Min., MCM., DRE) 
Education: U.S. Navy, Electronics Technical and Professional Training Schools, Truett-McConnell College, Cleveland, GA; Shorter College, Rome, GA, Lincoln University, Oxford, PA, Chesapeake Bible College and Seminary, Ridgley, MD. Experience: Pastored and Pioneered Local Churches in Georgia, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. Founded and Built a Church Based Bible Training School in Pennsylvania. Served as Chaplain for City Fire Department, Hinesville, GA, Traveled Intentionally as Leadership Training Specialist and Apostolic Trainer, Serves as Senior Ministry Associate to Ron Cottle Ministries, Columbus, GA, Serves as Bishopat-Large US, ACTS Network, Author, Editor, Ghostwriter, and Design Developer for Christian Authors and Writers. 
Course: PT587 - Contemporary Christian Issues I (Apostolic Insights)

Chapman, Mike (B.A., Th.M., D.Min.) 
Education: Lee University, Cleveland, TN; Luther Rice Seminary, Lithonia, GA; Faith Evangelical Lutheran Seminary, Tacoma, WA; North American Biblical Seminary, Buffalo, NY Experience: Senior Pastor of City Church of Chattanooga; Conference and Seminar Speaker; Former adjunct Faculty of Lee University; Author; Former adjunct Faculty of Beacon University; Former Member of the Executive Council (Church of God, Cleveland, TN), Who’s Who in Religion; Founder of Creative Church Ministries 
Courses: BT108 Systematic Theology: The Nature, Essence and Attributes of God; BT280 Soteriology: The Doctrine of Salvation; BT325 Pneumatology: Doctrine of the Holy Spirit; BT810 Biblical Anthropology: Doctrine of Man; BT901 Introduction to Christian Evidences; BT941 Ecclesiology: Doctrine of the Church; CC150 Introduction to Biblical Counseling; HT436 The Intertestamental Period

Clark, Charles W. (B.M.E., B.Th., M.A.) 
Education: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA; University of Colorado, Colorado Springs CO Experience: Pastor; Teacher; Christian Education Director; Co-founder and Vice President of Project Vision 
Courses: PT590 Teaching: A Biblical Perspective; OT915 The Teacher/Priest in Biblical History

Clark, Randy (B.S.) 
Education: Oklahoma State University, Victory Bible Institute Experience: Founding Pastor of Destiny Christian Center in Arlington, TX; International Traveling Ministry, Instructor at Victory Bible Institute in Tulsa, OK; Athlone, Ireland; Jakarta, Indonesia; Instructor at Ministers Training Institute in Montgomery, AL; Christian Television Station Manager; Television Ministry; Radio Ministry; Associate Pastor; Author 
Course: PT526 The Believer’s Authority

Conner, Kevin J. (B.Th., M.Div., D.Th.) 
Education: Southwest International College, San Antonio, TX; Southern California Theological Seminary, San Diego, CA Experience: Author; Teacher; Dean of Portland Bible College; Conference Leader; International Speaker 
Course: BT550 Restoration Theology

Cottle, Ronald E. (B.A., M.Div., Ph.D., M.S.Ed., Ed.D., D.D.) 
Education: Southeastern College, Lakeland, FL; Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary, Columbia, SC; University of Southern California Experience: Author; Teacher; Founder of REC Ministries, Christian Life School of Theology, and Beacon University
Courses: NT113 The Beatitudes; NT516, 517 Biblical Languages: Greek I, II; OT638, 641 Biblical Languages: Hebrew I, II; NT224, 930 The Book of First Corinthians I, II; NT124 The Book of Galatians; HT410 The Israel Tour; NT636 The Lord’s Prayer; OT414 The Book of Nehemiah; NT840 The Seven Churches of Revelation; NT921 The Book of Revelation II; NT211, 422 Romans I, II; BT515 Spiritual Gifts; OT314 The Ten Commandments; OT250, 450 Training for Reigning I, II; OT645 The Anointing: Its Nature and How to Receive It; HT700 Jewish Background to the New Testament; HT900 Greco Roman Background to the New Testament; NT115, 120 Survey of the New Testament I, II; PT645 The Apostle and the Church; NT560 Paul: The Man; NT561 Paul: His Letters; NT531, 532 Synoptic Gospels I, II; BT725, 925 Philosophy I, II; PT201 Preaching; PT501 Expository Preaching; PT255, 555, 685, 695, 705, 715, 322, 755 Leadership Principles I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII; OT570 Song of Solomon; HT650 Jewish Roots of Christianity.

Crosby, Stephen R. (A.AS., B.A. M.A. D.Min.) 
Education: Corning Community College; Christian International School of Theology Experience: Senior Pastor of New Life Covenant Church; Associate Pastor of Christian Life Center; Associate Pastor at Bethany Christian Fellowship; Senior Pastor at Christ the King Fellowship; Director 
Course: HT630 Heresy and the Development of Christian Doctrine

Crossland, Don (B.A.) 
Education: Wayland Baptist University, Plainview, Texas Experience: Twenty-five years of Pastoral Experience; National Director for Addiction Program at Living Hope Institute in Little Rock, AR; Author; Convention and Conference Speaker 
Course: CC960 Journey toward Wholeness

Crum, William (B.S., M.B.A., MA.BS., Ph.RD) 
Education: University of Georgia, Athens, GA; Brenau University, Gainesville, GA; Christian International Bible College, Santa Rosa, FL; Logos Bible College, Jacksonville, FL. Experience: Director, Life Center Ministries; Founder and President, International Christian Marketplace Alliance; Chairman, Creative Life CDC; Member, Board of Governors, Christian International Ministries; Certified Financial Planner; Author
Course: PT507 Seven Basic Biblical Principles for Success in the Marketplace

Curran, Sue (B.A., M.Th., D.D.) 
Education: Graham Bible College; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA Experience: Senior Pastor of Shekinah Church; Founder-Director of Shekinah Ministries and Shekinah Academy; International Conference Speaker; Educator; Author; Builder of Bible Schools in India and Indonesia; Teacher; Director 
Courses: PT912 The Forgiving Church; PT125 The Praying Church; PT640 Freer Than you Ever Dreamed; PT623 Prayer in Another Dimension

Drye, Sam (B.Th., M.Th., D.D.) 
Education: International Seminary; Holmes Theological Seminary, Greenville, SC; Emmanuel College, Franklin Springs, GA; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA Experience: Senior Pastor of Harvest Cathedral; Teacher; Counselor; Missionary; Lecturer; Director 
Course: PT341 Crucified Life

Durden, John (B.S., M.Div., Ph.D.) 
Education: University of South Florida; Mid. America Baptist Theology Seminary, Memphis, TN Experience: Teacher; Associate Pastor; Pastor; College Dean, Beacon University; Faculty Chair, Liberty University
Courses: BT502, 503 Systematic Theology I and II

Eberle, Harold R. (B.S.) 
Education: Montana State University, Bozeman, MT; Western Evangelical Seminary (George Fox Seminary), Members, OR; Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, Deerfield, IL; Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, CA. Experience: Teacher, Senior Pastor, Founder and Director of six Bible colleges, President of Winepress Ministries, Yakima, WA. 
Courses: PT320 Practice and Function of the Fivefold Ministry

Estes, Paul (B.A., D.D.) 
Education: Texas Christian University; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA Experience: Senior Pastor of Christ Church International; Eleven Year TV Ministry on Rock Christian Network; Fifty Years of Ministry Experience; Teacher; Director 
Course: PT420 Strengthening Leaders

Fleming, Stanley F. (B.S.Ed., M.A., D.Min.) 
Education: University of Nevada, Reno, NV; Whitworth College, Spokane, WA; Northwest Graduate School of Ministry, Kirkland, WA Experience: Senior Pastor; Minister of Education; Workshop and Seminar Leader; Author; Missionary 
Courses: BT602 Historical Christianity and Other World Views; BT641 A Study of Faiths and Religions; BT700 Understanding Islam in the Modern World; HT510 The History of the Early Church

Freeman, Paul (B.Th., M.Th., M.Div., D.Min.) 
Education: Tyler Junior College; Berean School of the Bible; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA Experience: Minister of Music at The Potter’s House; Active in Missions Work in Ukraine, Russia, Siberia, Bahamas and Mexico; Former Youth Pastor and Ambassadors in Missions Coordinator; Senior Pastor, The Potter’s House 
Course: PT540 A Study of Biblical Worship

Gamble, Milford (B.S., M.S., M.Div., D.Min.)
Education: Mississippi State University; Liberty Bible College; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA Experience: Associate Director of Beacon Institute of Ministry; Senior Pastor; Teacher; Author 
Course: PT616 Spiritual Warfare

Gaub, Ken (Dip.Th., D.D) 
Education: Bethel Temple Bible School, Seattle, WA; Calvary Bible College, Sunnyvale, CA Experience: Pastor; Singer; International Motivational Speaker; Founder and President of Y.O.U.; Author; Founder and Past President of Yakima Valley Youth Network; President of American Leaders for Middle East Peace; Member and trustee of the Presidential Task Force 
Courses: PT535 Practical Ministry Principles; PT620 Mindset for Success: A Biblical View; PT500 A Theology of Success; PT625 Success with People

Gaulden, Charles H. (B.A., M.A., D.Min.) 
Education: Southeastern College, Lakeland, FL; Erskine College Experience: Pastor; Missions Board President; Student Ministries President; Christian Education Director of the Assemblies of God in South Carolina; Academic Dean Southeastern University, Lakeland, FL 
Courses: OT520 The Book of Ezekiel; OT527 The Book of Proverbs; OT527 Psalms: A Hebrew History; OT115, 120 Survey of the Old Testament I, II; OT519 Major Prophets; OT660 Genesis and the Grace of God; NT626 Studies in the Book of James: Hanging the Pirates; OT541 The Book of Jeremiah

Goodson, Philip (A.A., B.Th., M.Th., M.Div., D.Min.) 
Education: Abraham Baldwin College, Tifton, GA; Liberty Christian College, Pensacola, FL; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA Experience: Pastor; Christian Elementary School and High School Founder and Administrator; Director; Dean 
Course: PT330 God’s Manifest Presence

Goszleth, Louis J. (B.S., M.Min.) 
Education: Elim Bible Institute, Lima, NY; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Chesapeake Seminary, Queenstown, MD Experience: Pastor; Professor; Director 
Course: OT530 A Study of Song of Solomon

Graves, Jayson L. (B.A., M.S. MFT) 
Education: Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA Experience: An ordained minister and Christian Marriage & Family Therapist. Founder and President of Healing for the Soul. Host of PurePassion TV and The Blazing Grace Radio Show. Author and Conference speaker. 
Course: CC665 Biblical Sexuality in the 21st Century

Graybill, William (B.A., M.A., D.Min.) 
Education: Central Bible College, Springfield, MO; Assemblies of God Theological Seminary, Springfield, MO; Northwest Graduate School of Ministry, Redmond, WA Experience: Youth Pastor; Senior Pastor 
Course: CC520 Resolving Conflict and Anger God’s Way; PT730 Introduction to Coaching

Griffin, Henry (B.A., M.A., D.Min.) 
Education: University of Kentucky, Elizabethtown, KY; University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR; University of Dayton, Dayton, OH Experience: Teacher, Hocking College, London, OH; ODRC Training Academy, Orient, OH; Administrator, Church of God of Prophecy; Author 
Course: CC534 Breaking Generational Bonds: From Hooked to Healed

Harthern, Paul (B.A., M.Ed., D.D.) 
Education: Southeastern Bible College, Lakeland, FL; Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL; University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL; University of Montevallo, Montevallo, AL; General Motors Training Center Experience: Founder and Pastor of Grace Covenant Church, Counselor in Mental Health Clinics; Received National Recognition and Awards in Sales and Sales Management with General Motors; Director 
Courses: OT214 Davidic Worship: Tabernacle of David; OT561 The Book of Joshua

Hartley, Charles W. (B.A., M.S.C.J., M.Th., M.Div., D.Min.) 
Education: Samford University, Birmingham, AL; University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA Experience: Professor; Pastor; Youth Director; Retired Administrator with the Family Court of Jefferson County, AL
Course: NT130 A Study of Matthew I

Henry, J. Gordon (B.A., M.A., Ph.D.) 
Education: Berea College, Berea, KY; Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY; University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Experience: President of J. Gordon Ministries; Former Executive Director of TRACS; President of Northeastern College; Former Dean of the College and Vice-President for Academic Affairs at Liberty University; Educational Consultant; Principal; University Professor; Author; Pastor 
Course: BT225 Prayer: Its Power and Purpose

Hill, Monica T. (B.B.A., M.A., D.Min.) 
Education: West Georgia College; Argosy University; Beacon University Experience: Instructor, Counselor, Co-founder, New Beginnings Training and Education, Inc. 
Course: CC640 New Beginnings in Marriage

Hinnant, Greg 
Education: Appalachian State University Experience: Founder and President, Greg Hinnant Ministries; Bible expositor, Writer, Teacher Pastor 
Courses: PT545 Biblical Discipleship; CC533 A Biblical Study of Marriage, Divorce and Remarriage; OT610 The Book of Daniel; OT611 Pearls of Wisdom from Proverbs; PT567 Understanding and Overcoming Adversity; NT600 A Study of Paul’s Epistle to the Philippians; NT610 A Study of Paul’s Epistle to the Colossians

Hodges, James (B.A., B.D.) 
Education: Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL; Central Baptist Theological Seminary, Kansas City, KS Experience: Bible Teacher; Pastor; Christ for the Nations Instructor 
Courses: BT713 The Covenants of God; NT421 The Pastoral Letters; PT726 Biblical Theology of the Kingdom

Horner, Jerry W. (B.A., B.D., M.Div., Th.D.) 
Education: Union University, Jackson, TN; Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, Ft. Worth, TX; Manchester University, Cambridge University, England. Experience: College Instructor, Professor, Dean and President; Dean of the College of Theology, Oral Roberts University; Founder and Dean, School of Divinity at Regent University; Chair, Dept. of Christianity and Philosophy, Southwest Baptist University; Visiting Professor and Guest Lecturer in U.S. and abroad. 
Course: NT555 The Book of Acts: The Spirit and the Mission of the Church

Hyatt, Eddie 
Education: School of Divinity @ Regent University, Fuller Theological Center, Oral Roberts University Experience: Pastor, Author, Professor of Theology, Missions 
Courses: HT800 2000 Years of Charismatic Church History, Part I; HT815 2000 Years of Charismatic Church History, Part II

Johnson, Gerald (A.A., B.A., M.A., D.Min.) 
Education: Lee University, Cleveland, TN; Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA; Assemblies of God Theological Seminary, Lakeland FL; Bethany Theological Seminary, Dothan AL Experience: Senior Pastor; District Overseer; Teacher 
Course: PT415 New Strategies in Evangelism 

Johnson, Keith (B.S., M.A., Ph.D.) 
Education: Berean University. Springfield, MO; Destiny College, New Port Richey, FL; Destiny Christian College, Nashville, TN; Life Christian University, Tampa, FL Experience: Associate Pastor; Senior Pastor; Leadership Training for Churches and Business 
Courses: PT563 The Confidence Factor, CRISIS – Your Launching Pad to Success; PT569 Leaders of Destiny; PT697 LQ Solution: The Influence, Impact and Increase

Johnson, Melvin Leslie (B.A., M.C.C., Th.D.) 
Education: Brazosport College; Covington Theological Seminary, Rossville, GA Experience: Pastor of Eastern Branch Missionary Baptist Church, Freeport, TX; Founder and Pastor, Heart of Christ Community Church, Brazoria, TX 
Course: PT925 Overcoming Racism Through the Gospel

Joyner, Michael (B.Th., M.Th.) 
Education: Global University, Springfield, MO; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA Experience: Pastor; Board Member of Harvest Time Ministries 
Course: PT551 Divine Health and Healing Principles

Judd, Leroy “Chip” (B.A., M.A.) 
Education: The Citadel Experience: Pastor; Seminar and Workshop Leader; Counselor 
Course: CC176 Foundations of Christian Counseling

Keefauver, Larry (B.A., M.Div., D.Min.) 
Education: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Texas Christian University; Brite Divinity School, Ft. Worth, TX Experience: Pastor; Editor; Teacher; Conference Speaker; Author of over 60 published books and curricula with 2.5 million sales in 12 languages 
Courses: CC555 Godly Foundations for Parenting; PT335 Experiencing and Encountering the Holy Spirit; CC550 Covenant Marriage: Marriage Without Walls

Kelly, John P. (B.A., D.D.) 
Education: Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ; Farleigh Dickenson University; Temple University; South Florida Bible College and Seminary Experience: Sports Coach; Sales; Business Owner; Founder of the Bridge Ministries; Founder of John P. Kelly Ministries; Apostle 
Course: PT528 Apostolic Ministry

Kennedy, Sandra (B.S., M.R.E., G.S.R.E., D.D.) 
Education: Georgia Southern College, Statesboro, GA; Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, Ft. Worth, TX; Certified Pastoral Education, University Hospital, Augusta, GA Experience: Senior Pastor and President of Whole Life Ministries; Missionary Team Leader; Director, Mental Health, State of Georgia; Director 
Course: BT321 Christology

Kenoly, Ronald K. (BBS, M.Div., DSM) 
Education: Friends International Christian University; Faith Bible College, San Jose, CA Experience: Teacher; International Conference and Seminar Speaker; President, Academy of Praise; President, Ron Kenoly Ministries 
Course: PT508 The Priority of Praise and Worship

Kylstra, Chester (B.S., M.S., M.Th., Ph.D.) 
Education: Oregon State; Liberty Bible College; University of Florida Experience: USAF Officer; Licensed Professional Engineer; Consultant; University Professor; Founder of Proclaiming His Word Ministry 
Courses: PT668, 669 Restoring the Foundations: An Integrated Approach to Healing Ministry I, II

Langley, Randal S. (B.Th., M.Th., M.Div., D.Min.) 
Education: Evangel College, Springfield, MO; Berean University, Springfield, MO; Rhema Bible College, Tulsa, OK; Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA; Beacon University, Columbus, GA; College for Financial Planning, Centennial, CO Experience: President/CEO, Christian Life School of Theology Global; CEO, Ultimate Life International and Ultimate Life Network; Founding Partner, John C. Maxwell Team; Board Chair, CLST; Vice President, Beacon Institute of Ministry, Columbus, GA; Apostolic Overseer and Lead Pastor of Evangel Cathedral, Spartanburg, SC; National Conference Speaker; Television Host; Author; Certified Financial Planner; Certified Life Coach 
Courses: PT340 Dynamics of Effective Communication; PT511 The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership

Linkous, Larry W. (A.B., D.D.) 
Education: Tomlinson College, Cleveland TN; Luther Rice Seminary, Jacksonville, FL., Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA. Experience: Pastoral staff, Calvary Assembly in Winter Park, FL; Sr. Pastor Christian Life Center, Titusville, FL; Founder and Sr. Pastor, New Life Christian Fellowship, Titusville, FL; Host of Radio Program; owner and president of Daystar Radio, Ocala FL. 
Course: BT571 A New Testament Study of Grace

Lucas, Lynn (B.A., M.Th.) 
Education: Friends University, Wichita, KS; Fountain Gate Bible College, Plano, TX; Berean School of Bible, Springfield, MO Experience: Teacher; Counselor; Pastor; Director of Social Services and Director of Patient Activities of Medicenters of America 
Course: PT561 No Longer a Victim

Lusk, Dwayne (B.Th., D.D.) 
Education: Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA Experience: Pastor-Founder of The Potter’s House; Missions work in Ukraine, India, Africa and Korea; Director 
Courses: BT111 The Kingdom of God; BT825 Spirit, Soul and Body; PT550 How to Study the Bible

Mahan, Terry (B.S., M.A.) 
Education: Regent University, Virginia Beach, VA; Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, Bible Training Institute, Cleveland, TN Experience: Pastor; Teacher; Conference Speaker; Ministered in Seventy Nations Around the World 
Courses: BT623 How to Pray the Father’s Heart; OT826 Rebuilding with Nehemiah; NT550 The Book of Mark

Mallonee, David 
Education: Rhema Bible Training Center, Broken Arrow, OK Experience: Teacher, Associate Pastor; Pastor, Teaching Ministry 
Course: PT562 Biblical Money Dynamics

Maloney, James (B.A.Th., M.A.Th., Ph.D., D.D., Th.D.) 
Education: International Bible College, DeSoto, MO; International seminary, Plymouth, FL; Logos Graduate School, Jacksonville, FL Experience: Professor; President of Harvest Cry Ministries; Evangelist; Seminar Teacher; Pastor; Author 
Course: PT635 New Thresholds in Power Ministry

Mansfield, Stephen (B.A., M.A., M.L.A., Ph.D.) 
Education: Oral Roberts University, Tulsa, OK; Valley Christian University, Clovis, CA; Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX; Whitefield Theological Seminary Experience: Pastor; Associate Pastor of Belmont Church; Teacher; Conference Speaker; Author of Numerous History Articles 
Courses: HT445, 622 History of Christianity in America I, II; BT603 World Religions in Christian Perspective

McMurtry, Grady (B.S., M.S., P.A., D.D.) 
Education: University of Tennessee; State University of New York; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA; Mid-Continent University, Mayfield, KY Experience: Adjunct Professor at Florida Bible College and Florida Christian College; Ordained Minister; Church Elder; Expert Court Witness; Master Teacher of American Christian Education, Pilgrim Institute; Creation Research Society USA-Life Member; Creation Research Society Russia-Member; Mensa-Life Member; Intertel-Life Member; Phi Kappa Phi-Life Member. President and Founder of Creation Worldview Ministries, Orlando, FL. Board of Directors and Secretary of Christian Prison Ministries, Orlando, FL; Board of Directors and Secretary of Bridges of America, Orlando, FL. 
Courses: BT305, 410 Creation: Our Foundation I, II; OT620 The Feasts of the Old Testament

Meeker, Larry (BS IE) 
Education: University of Arkansas Experience: Teacher; Author; Communication Leadership 
Course: PT522 Beyond Great: An Introduction

Melidona, Paul, A. (B.A., M.M., D.W.S.) 
Education: North Point Bible College, Haverhill, MA; Northwest University, Kirkland, WA; Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH; Robert E. Webber Institute for Worship Studies, Jacksonville, FL Experience: Worship Pastor, Worship Artist, Songwriter, Music Educator, Vocalist, Instrumentalist; Special Education Paraprofessional 
Course: PT631 Worship and Mission

Menard, Richard D. (B.Th., M.Th.) 
Education: Christian Life School of Theology Experience: Evangelist and missionary to the Philippines, the Dominican Republic, Kenya and Nigeria. Found and Senior Pastor of New Beginnings Christian Church, Johnsbury, VT. Vice President and Northeast Regional Director of the Maranatha Ministerial Fellowship International. 
Course: PT300 Laying a Foundation for Spiritual Sons

Murray, Michael (B.Th., M.Th., D.D.) 
Education: Ball State University, Muncie, IN; University of Dayton, Dayton, OH; International Bible Institute and Seminary, Plymouth, FL Experience: Evangelist for ten years; Founder of Love and Faith Christian Fellowship; Director; Teacher 
Courses: PT446 God Hedge: Fruit of the Spirit; CC451 Portrait of a Christian Marriage and Family

Newbrough, Jennie (B.S., M.Th., M.Div., D.Min.) 
Education: West Liberty State University, Lynchburg, VA; International Seminary, Plymouth, FL; Institute of Pastoral Counseling – EMERGE, Akron, OH; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA Experience: Teacher, AGLOW International; Pastoral Counseling 
Course: PT517 Character Determines Destiny

Peterson, Ruth (M.Th., M.Div., D.Min., D.Div., D.H.L.) 
Education: Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA; United Christian College, Goldsboro, NC; Pitt Community College Experience: Teacher; Pastor 
Course: PT513 Preparation for Restoration

Price, Kenny (A.Th., B.Th., M.Th., M.Div., D.Min.) 
Education: Christ for the Nations, Dallas, TX; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA Experience: Associate Pastor; Youth Pastor; Director of Junior High Ministries; Host of “Straight Talk” a Teen Talk Show; Author 
Course: OT575 Joshua: The Man, His Character, His Leadership

Pyle, Larry (B.Th., M.Th., M.Div., D.Min.) 
Education: Southwestern Assemblies of God College, Waxahachie, TX; California Graduate School of Theology, Glendale, CA; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA Experience: Founder and Pastor of Life Center Church; Financial Advisor; Teacher; Conference Speaker 
Courses: BT945 Ecclesiology II: A Study of the Church

Roberts, Roy (B.A., M.Th., M.Div., D.Min., D.D.) 
Education: International Bible College and Seminary, San Antonio, TX; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA Experience: Senior Pastor of Calvary Church; Director; Teacher 
Course: PT413 The Theology of Praise

Robinson, Timothy 
Education: Gonzaga University Experience: Senior Pastor of Lifestream Christian Ministries; Teacher, Worship Leader; Evangelist to Mexico and the Philippines. 
Course: BT542 Let There Be Light: Creationism

Ronsisvalle, Michael (B.A., M.Th., D.Psych.) 
Education: University of Central Florida, Samford University’s Beason Divinity School, Wheaton College Experience: Private Practice—Psychology, Counseling 
Course: CC530 Stress Management

Ronsisvalle, Richard 
Education: Berean University Experience: Evangelist; Senior Pastor; Host of the “Reality” Television Program; Director of “Reality Relationships” Conferences and Seminars; Author; Recording Artist; Quality Management Representative; President of Reality, Inc. 
Courses: BT642 Work of the Holy Spirit; CC662 Family Therapy

Roth, Laurel (A.A., M.Th., D. Min.) 
Education: College of the Siskiyous, Weed, CA; Rhema Bible Training Center, Broken Arrow, OK; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA Experience: Teacher, Children’s Minister, Conference Speaker; Dean; Missionary to Africa 
Course: PT603 The Armor Bearer

Rousse, Drew (B.A., M.Th., D.D.) 
Education: Zoe College, Jacksonville, FL; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA Experience: Bishop; Radio and Television Minister; Author; Conference Speaker; Director 
Courses: PT521, 721 Advanced Deliverance I, II; PT816 How to Hear the Voice of God; PT930 Deliverance Workshop

Rousse, Wanda (B.Th., M.Th., M.Div., D.Min.) 
Education: Zoe College, Jacksonville, FL; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA Experience: Senior Pastor, Faith Cathedral World Outreach Center; Radio and Television Minister; Author; Conference Speaker; Dean 
Course: CC681 Deliverance Counseling

Rutland, Mark (B.S., Ph.D.) 
Education: University of Maryland, College Park, MD; Candler School of Theology at Emory University, Atlanta, GA; California Graduate School of Theology, Glendale, CA Experience: Teacher; Senior Pastor; President, Southeastern University; President, Oral Roberts University 
Course: BT355 Christian Ethics

Sanks, Jamie (B.A., M.A., M.S., M.Div., D.Min.) and Sanks, Chenita (B.S., M.A., Ed.S., Ph.D.) 
Education: Columbus State University; Beacon University, Columbus, GA (Jamie). Columbus State University (GA), Troy University (AL), Mercer University, Atlanta, GA. Experience: Teacher; university instructors and administrators; senior pastors. 
Course: PT596 The Biblical Basis for Multiracial/Multiethnic Churches

Scheer, Scott (B.A., B.Th., M.Th.) 
Education: Concordia University, St. Paul, MN; Christian Family School of Theology, Stuart, FL; New Life Counseling Ministries Experience: Teacher; Co-Director of a Juvenile Group Home; Artist Associate, World Vision International; Minister of Youth and Education; Associate Minster; Senior Minister; Co-Host of television and radio; Co-author of nine books; International Seminar Speaker; Co-founder of Family Ministries and Marriage Building Blocks Seminars 
Courses: CC525 Biblical Building Blocks for Marriage and Family; CC526 Raising a Righteous Generation

Sedler, Michael D. (B.A., B.Th., M.Div., M.Th., D.Min.) 
Education: University of California, San Diego, CA; Whitworth College, Spokane, WA; Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA Experience: Professor, Associate Pastor; Behavior Specialist; Social Worker; Counselor; Administrator 
Courses: PT641 Spiritual Deception: A Biblical Study; CC560 Godly Communication in Everyday Life; CC542 The Theology of Biblical Freedom

Shackelford, Ray (B.S., M.Div., D.Min.) 
Education: Bethany Bible College, Santa Cruz, CA; Candler School of Theology, Atlanta, GA; Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, CA Experience: Pastor; Teacher; Youth Pastor 
Course: PT235 A Biblical Understanding of Leadership

Sheats, Morris (M.Div., D.Min.) 
Education: Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary Experience: Senior Pastor and Founder of Hillcrest Church in Dallas, TX; President of Leadership Institute; Internationally Known Motivational Speaker; Author 
Courses: PT251 You Can Be Emotionally Healed; CC660 You Can Have a Happy Family; PT350 Courage to Lead

Shibley, David W. (B.A., M.Div., Ph.D., D.D.) 
Education: John Brown University, Siloam Springs, AR; Southwestern Baptist Seminary, Ft. Worth, TX; Vision University, San Diego, CA; Oral Roberts University, Tulsa, OK Experience: Missions Pastor; Senior Pastor; Guest Lecturer; Teacher at Wagner Leadership Institute; President, Global Advance, Dallas, TX 
Course: PT502 Theology of Missions

Shirek, Paul (B.Th., M.Th., D. SS.) 
Education: Rhema Bible Training Center, Tulsa, OK; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA. Experience: Founding Pastor of Faith Christian Church in Mauston, WI. 
Course: PT598 The American Church of the 21st Century

Shiver, John David (B.A., M.A.R., M.Div., Th.D.) 
Education: University West Florida; Asbury Theological Seminary, Wilmore, KY; University of Kentucky Experience: Pastor of College Hill United Methodist Church, Waco, KY; Founder and Pastor, Word of Life Church, Brooksville, FL; Full-time traveling interdenominational ministry 
Courses: HT680 The Glory of God; HT608 The Nature and Dynamics of Revival; BT820 The Ministry of the Holy Spirit in the Last Days

Shreve, Mike 
Education: Bachelor of Theology from Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA; honorary Doctor of Divinity presented by Faith Theological Seminary and Christian College in Tampa, Florida Experience: Evangelist and missionary since 1971, Founder and Pastor of The Sanctuary in Cleveland, Tennessee since 2013, Founder and Director of Deeper Revelation Books, Author of eleven books including the 8-volume series revealing the names and titles of the children of God titled “Our Glorious Inheritance”, also a book on comparative religion contrasting over 20 world views titled “In Search of the True Light,” and the recent bestselling book, “65 Promises from God for Your Child.” 
Course: BT345 Our Glorious Inheritance

Smith, David 
Education: John Wesley College, High Point, NC; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA Experience: Teacher; Senior Pastor 
Courses: BT577 The Art and Science of Biblical Interpretation; PT707 Disciples Indeed

Stewart, Gary (B.A., M.Div., D.Min.) 
Education: University of Texas, Austin, TX; Baptist Missionary Association Theological Seminary, Jacksonville, TX; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA Experience: Senior Pastor and Founder of Open Door Christian Life Center; Pastored Churches in Texas, Alabama and Arkansas from 1966 to present; Daily Radio Ministry; Denominational Leadership and Conference Speaker 
Courses: PT403 The Theology of Relationships; PT860 The Father Loves You

Suttles, William C. (B.A., M.Div., Th.M., Ph.D.) 
Education: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Bankstreet School of Education, New York, NY; Church Divinity School of the Pacific, Berkeley, CA; Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary, Wake Forest, NC Experience: Owner, Operator of WPJL, a Christian radio station; Programming Manager for various southeastern Christian radio stations; Pastor; Teacher 
Courses: BT547 Applied Hermeneutics: The Ministry of the Word; BT926 Philosophy III

Thompson, Jefferson K. (B.M., B.Th., D.Min.) 
Education: Louisiana College, Pineville, LA; Evangel Christian University and Seminary, Monroe, LA Experience: Pastor; Instructor; Author; Contributing Columnist for several publications; Host of weekly radio programs; Music Instructor; Minister of Music; Founder of Jeff Thompson Ministries; Founder of Zion Tabernacle Bible Institute 
Course: HT665 Our Full-Gospel Heritage

VanLue, Scott (M.D.) 
Education: Oral Roberts University, Tulsa, OK; University of South Florida, Orlando, FL Experience: Author; Professor; Consulting Physician 
Course: PT665 Soteria: God’s Plan for Health

Walley-Daniels, Pauline (M.A., D.Th., Ph.D.) 
Education: University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; University of Wales, Cardiff, Wales; Friends International Christian University, Merced, CA; Trinity College of the Bible, Liverpool, England Experience: Teacher; Author; Professor; Founder and Pastor, Pauline Walley Evangelistic Ministries, Bronx, NY and England 
Course: PT717 Deliverance Ministration I

Williamson, Greg (B.A., M.Th., M.Div., D.Min.) 
Education: Liberty Christian College, Pensacola, FL; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA Experience: Lead Pastor at VALLEY Christian Church, Hopewell Junction, NY; President of Greg Williamson Ministries; President of Acts Global Network; Member of USCAL (United States Coalition of Apostolic Leaders) National Council 
Course: PT643 Reaching a Postmodern World; PT595 The Emerging Missional Church

Wilson, Frederick (B.A., D.Min.) 
Education: Lee University, Cleveland, TN; Ashland Seminary, Ashland, OH; Oral Roberts University, Tulsa, OK Experience: State Youth Director, Church of God, New Jersey; State Evangelist, Church of God, Ohio; Senior Pastor, Christ Life Sanctuary, Kettering, OH 
Course: PT591 Living by Faith

Wilson, Katrina J. (B.Th.) 
Education: King’s Way Bible Institute, Kettering, OH; Rhema Bible Training Center, Tulsa, OK; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA. Experience: Co-Founder/Co-Pastor Christ Life Ministries, Kettering, OH; Speaker and Conferences and Churches nationally and internationally; Teacher; Author
Courses: CC580 Understanding Dreams and Visions; BT544 The Ministry of Angels

Zonnya (B.A., M.R.C., D.M.L., Ph.D.) 
Education: S.E. Missouri State University; American Theological College; Institute of International Studies Experience: Teacher; Speaker to businesses, colleges, churches, prisons; Author 
Courses: PT633 God’s Systems on Success

Legacy Faculty

Alsobrook, David (D.D.) 
Experience: Evangelist; Teacher; Author of Thirty-five Books; Founder of Sure Word Ministries 
Courses: BT516 The Theology of the Blood; BT430 The Theology of Love

Asbury, Doris (B.Th.) 
Education: Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA; Christian Writers Guild, Hume Lake, CA; Berean School of Bible, Springfield, MO; Cerritos College, Norwalk, CA Experience: Author; Crossroads Ministry Center; Sunday School Administrator; CE Director at Christian Worship Center; CE Representative for Alexandria Section, LA District Council, Assemblies of God; Assistant Woman’s Ministries Director 
Course: PT519 The Bible and Hospitality

Baldwin, David L. (B.A., B.Th., M.Th., D.Min.) 1951-2010 
Education: Ozark Bible Institute, Neosho, MO; Mid-America Nazarene University, Olathe, KS; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA ; Beacon University, Columbus, GA. Experience: Pastor; Radio Talk Show Host; Teacher; Seminar Leader; Academic Dean; Operations Manager for Christian Radio Station; Management Consultant; Associate Pastor at CrossRoads Church 
Courses: PT580 The Theology of Spiritual Development; PT585 A Theology of Purpose; CC511 Interpersonal Relationships and Personality Patterns; PT589 The Theology of Serving; PT690 Relational Teambuilding; PT675 Cultivating Kingdom Champions; PT950 Principles of Spiritual Promotion

Beall, James (Th.D., D.D.) 1924-2013 
Education: Pioneer Theological Seminary, Rockford, IL Experience: Senior Pastor of Bethesda Christian Church; Director of Bethesda Christian Bible Institute; Author; Radio Broadcast Ministry; International Conference Speaker 
Courses: PT221 Mystique of Human Leadership; BT580 The Trinity; BT510 Laying the Foundation

Cornwall, Judson (B.A., M.A., Th.D., D.D.) 1924-2005 
Experience: Teacher; Pastor; Counselor; Author 
Courses: PT605 The Philosophy of Worship; BT105 Back to Basics; BT555 A Theology of Joy

Christensen, Duane L. (B.S., M.Div., Th.D.) 1938-2013 
Education: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA; California Baptist Theological Seminary, Covina, CA; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Experience: Professor; Field Dean; Senior Pastor; Founding President of BIBAL Corporation; Missionary; Author 
Courses: OT401 The Bible as a Whole; BT505 Introduction to Biblical Studies; OT670, 675 The Pentateuch I, II 

Fallaw, Carol (A.Th.) 1947–2001 
Education: Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA Experience: Counselor; Teacher; Author; Founder, New Beginning Ministries, Warrenville, SC 
Courses: CC303 The Road to Restoration; CC570 Biblical Approach to the Wounded Human Spirit

Ferguson, James (B.S., B.A., Th.M., D.C.E.) 1946-2012 
Education: Auburn University, Auburn, AL; Dallas Theological Seminary, Dallas, TX; Liberty Theological Seminary, Houston, TX Christian Life School of Theology Global 2018-19 Catalog 109 Experience: Founding Pastor of Liberty Bible Fellowship in Selma, AL; Campus Crusade for Christ; Teacher; Counselor 
Course: NT313 The Book of Ephesians

Frost, Jack 1952–2007 
Education: The Salvation Army School for Officer’s Training, Atlanta, GA Experience: Pastor; Teacher; President and Founder of Shiloh Place Ministries, Conway, S.C. 
Courses: PT663 Healing the Wounded Heart; CC510 Experiencing Father’s Embrace

Harthern, Alvis (A.B., M.A., Ph.D.) 1934-2011 
Education: Southeastern Bible College, Lakeland, FL; Florida Southern College, Lakeland, FL; Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL; University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL Experience: Teacher; Educator; Department Chair at UGA; Consultant in Social Studies 
Course: BT610 Anonymous Women of Faith: A Theology of Faith; OT529 The Twenty-Third Psalm: A Summary of the Times of David

Kisner, Gary (B.S., M.Div., D.Min.) 1948-2011 
Education: Fairmont State College; Oral Roberts University; Christian Life School of Theology, Columbus, GA Experience: Pastor; Teacher; State Conference Evangelist Course:
PT606 The Theology of Spiritual Authority

McIntosh, Diane (B.A., Ph.D.) 1947-2011 
Education: Oral Roberts University; San Diego State University; San Fernando State University; The Grace College, San Diego, CA Experience: Counselor to Churches, Leaders, Marriages and Families at The Grace Ministry; Professor Course:
CC540 Parenting Is for Everyone

Meyers, George (B.A., Ph.D.) 1937-2013 
Education: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; LaSalle University, Mandeville, LA Experience: Teacher, Oregon State University; MAP International, Brunswick, GA; Missions: Go To Nations 
Courses: PT597 Financial Wisdom to Create True Wealth; PT667, 687 Kingdom Business Leadership I, II

Pickett, Fuchsia (B.Th., M.Th., Th.D., D.D.) 1918-2004 
Courses: OT113 The Book of Esther; BT440 God’s Eternal Plan; BT217, 805 Holy Spirit I, II; PT600 Receiving Divine Revelation; OT714 The Book of Ruth; HT525 Stones of Remembrance; BT545 A Theology of Worship

Piper, Mel (Dip.Th.) 1941-2012 
Education: Harbour Junior College, San Francisco, CA; Rhema Bible Training Center, Broken Arrow, OK Experience: Bible Teacher at Rhema Bible Training Center; Poet; Traveling Bible Instructor 
Courses: BT499 The Humanity of Jesus

Sasser, Sam (B.Th., B.Ed., M.Th., M.A., D.Min., D.Th.) 1937-1995 
Courses: BT527 Priesthood of the Believer

Sumrall, Ken (B.A., M.S., M.R.E., L.L.D.) 1926-2013 
Education: William Carey College, Hattiesburg, MS; University of Southern Mississippi; New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, New Orleans, LA; International Bible College and Seminary, Orlando, FL Experience: Pastor; Founder of Liberty Bible College, Globe Missionary Evangelism, Liberty Fellowship of Churches and Ministers, Church Foundational Network; Opened and Oversees the Secret Place; Minister in the US and Overseas 
Course: PT213 Spiritual Fathering

Wagner, Peter C. (B.S., M.Div., M.A., Th.M., Ph.D.)
Education: Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; Princeton Theological Seminary, Princeton, NJ; Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA Experience: Author; Professor; Founding President of American Society of Church Growth
Course: PT615 Dynamics of Church Growth